![]() At the same time, in operation conditioning, a learner acquires specific patterns because of the establishment of a link between a voluntary behavior and its result (Myers & DeWall, 2018). The classical idea focuses on the association of a spontaneous response and a stimulus as the ground of learning and generation of specific actions or reactions. One of the major aspects is the character of behavior or whether it is involuntary or voluntary (Kwon & Silva, 2019). In such a way, revolving around a similar concept, Pavlov and Skinner’s (or classic and operation) ideas are different. It served as the basis for the idea of operant conditioning, stating that some reinforcements of punishments can be used to modify a behavior among individuals and attain the desired result. After several repetitions, it developed a bond between this action and its consequences and started to utilize the mechanism consciously to acquire the desired reward (Myers & DeWall, 2018). The hungry rat accidentally used the lever, and food dropped from a container. To research this hypothesis, he uses Skinner’s box with animals inside it. He assumed that the best possible way to study this issue is to analyze the causes of a certain action and its consequences (Zilio, 2016). Skinner’s idea was different from Pavlov’s one as it preconditioned the use of specific facilitators to form the desired behavior. The given concept of behavioral psychology became an essential aspect of learning and training. This idea became the basis of the classical conditioning, assuming that some stimuli naturally and automatically trigger the development of unconditioned response or some other sort of behavior (Myers & DeWall, 2018). The animals started to salivate, responding to a sound that was usually followed by feeding.Įven if they were not given food, dogs salivated, proving that they had acquired a specific unconscious reaction to an external stressor (Adams, 2020). The researcher noticed the existence of a direct correlation between dogs’ actions and specific stressors. The given assumption was proved by a famous experiment with Pavlov’s dogs. ![]() Ivan Pavlov’s theory presupposes that conditioning is a process involving the emergence of an association between a naturally existing stimulus and a factor that was previously neutral. However, Pavlov and Skinner offer opposing views on the given process, and these differences preconditioned the emergence of classical and operant conditioning as concepts explaining how certain stimuli affect individuals and their actions. ![]() Both scientists accept the idea that any response is conditioned and appears as a result of a particular stressor, which means that is can be modified in several ways (Myers & DeWall, 2018). Their studies set a basis for further investigation in the given sphere and development of techniques and strategies for training, teaching, and changing some behaviors. Pavlov and Skinner can be considered pioneers in the sphere of conditioning as many of their ideas and experiences contributed to the appearance of new concepts and a better understanding of the behavioral theory. Thus, theories offered by Pavlov and Skinner introduced two different ideas central to behavioral psychology and contributed to the formation of the concept of classical and operant conditioning. Learning, as one of the basics of society, is also analyzed by psychologists with the primary goal to determine how a person acquires particular skills. The scope of this field of knowledge is evidenced by the fact that it is employed to explain multiple processes in various spheres of human activity. For this reason, it is a powerful perception and learning tool contributing to the improved understanding of individuals’ actions, motifs, and responses to particular stressors. Psychology is one of the fundamental sciences that explains how the psyche of a person works and what processes or factors impact people’s behavior. At the end of the work, a conclusion with the summary of central findings is provided. Moreover, there are examples of how both classical and operant theories are employed in the modern world and what impact they have on the further evolution of the given field of science. That is why the paper outlines the central assumptions of both concepts, their theoretical framework, discuses and compares them to improve their understanding.
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